52 SOCIAL SCIENTIST 2 Ghildyal, "The People and Forests", in Gupta ef al (cd), Man and Forests, New Delhi, Today Tomorrow Printers, J979, p 61; and 100 Years of Indian Forestry, 1861-1961, Dehra Dun, 1961, p 35. 3 FAO Paper, op cit, p 7. 4 Ibid, p 7. 5 S Bahuguna, "The Himalayas: Towards a Programme of Reconstruction", in Gupta (ed), Man and Forests, op cit, p 143. 6 FAO Paper, op cit, p 7. 7 Bahl, "Afforestation: Where We have Gone Wrong", in Gupta (ed), Man and Forests, op cit, pp 172-173. 8 Draft of the Five Year Plan, J978- 83, p 150. 9 These papers are included in the book Man and Forests cited earlier. 10 FAO Forestry Paper, op cit, pp 6-7. 11 Roy Burman, "Forestry in the Himalaya- For the People and By the People", in Gupta (ed), Man and Forces, op cit, p 23. 12 S Bahuguna, op cit, pp 145-148. 13 Kayastha, "Forests Environment and Development", in Gupta (ed), Man and Forests, op cit, pp 28-37. 14 100 Years of Indian Forestry, 1861-1961, Vol II, p 63. 15 Ibid, p 63. 16 Kayastha, op cit, p 35. 17 DP Joshi, "Evolution of Forest Conservancy and Panchayat Forest System and their Contribution to Forest Development in U P", in Gupta (ed), Man and Forests, op cit, p 90. 18 Uttarkashi Forest Division Wciking Plan. p 227, para 11-1, quoted by Bahuguna, op cit, p 147. 19 100 Years of Indian Forestry, 1861-1961, op cit, p 329. 20 The market value of the forest produce is much higher than the rate at which the forest departments sell them to the forest-based industries. See, India 1979, New Delhi, Publication Division. Government of India, 1979, p 228. 21 Statistical Abstracts, India 1977, Government of India Publication, 1978, pp 67-73. 22 Draft of Five Year Plan 1978-83, p 149. 23 Ibid, pp 149-150. 2^ Reserve forests are permanently dedicated either to the production of timber or other forest produce. In these forests, right of cultivation or of grazing is seldom allowed. In piotecied forests, these rights are allowed subject to mild restrictions. See, Statistical Abstracts, India 1977, op cit, p 66. 25 Merchantable forests arc within the reach of economic management or exploitation as sources of forest products; they may include immature forests or managed forests where felling is prohibited. Non-merchantable forests are not exploited, owing to inaccessibility or the fact that the forest products are unsalable and unprofitable. See, Ibid, p 66. 26 Coniferous forests are soft-wood forests and the non-coniferous forests are broad-leafed forests. See, Ibid; p 66. 27 Sharma, Development of Forests and Forest-Based Industries, Dehra Dun, 1978, p 8. 28 See, India 1979, op cit, p 228. 29 For details, see Gupta, "An Attack on Bastar's Ecosystem", Indian Express, March 29. 1980. 30 India 1979, op cit, p 228. 31 Hill Region Development Plan, 1978-79, pp 135-143. 32 See, Bhatt's article in Himalaya: Man and the Nature.