32 SOCIAL SCIENTIST 49 Sujjan Rai Bhandari, Khulusat-ut-Tayvarikh (ed Zafar Khan), p 513. reference fromA C Banerji, op cit, pp 152-153. 50 Fauja Singh. op cit, p 21. 51 See Irfan Habib, Agrarian System of Mughal India, Bombay, Asia, 1963. 52 Macauliffe, op cit, Vol V, p 416. 53 Cunningham. op cit, p 57. 54 Ghula-m Husain, Siyar-ul Mutakhirin (transi R Cambray). Vol I. p 85, and Sohan Lal, Umdat-ut-Tawarikh, Dafter II, p 48, reference from A C Banerji op cit, pp 168-172. 55 Bhagat Singh. Sikh Polity, New Delhi, Oriental Publishers, 1978, pp 39-40. 56 KSThapar, "Gurumata: Democracy in Practice", Punjab Past and Present, October 1975, p 285. 57 N R Ray, op cit, p 100. 58 Bhagat Singh. op cit, p 32. 59 Sher Singh. Philosophy of S ikhism, pp 42-43, reference from Bhagat Singh, op cit, p 40. 60 Teja Singh and Ganda Singh, A Short History of the Sikhs, Vol I, Bombay, 1950. pp 71-72. 61 Macauliffe, op cit, Vol IT, p 312. 62 See I B Banerji, op cit, Vol I, p 239. 63 K S Thapar, op cit, p 285. 64 Bhai Santokh Singh, Sri Gur Pratap Suraj Granth (ed Bhai Vir Singh), Khalsa Samachar, Vol 14, April 1966, p 6027, reference from Jagjit Singh, The Jats and Militarisation", Journal of Sikh Studies, February 1977, p 41. 65 AC Banerji, op cit, p 106. 66 H A Rose, op cit, Vol III, pp 75-76, reference from Jagjit Singh. op cit, p 50. 67 George Forster, A Journey from Bengal to England, London, 1798, p 256. reference from A C Banerji, op cit, p 83. 68 W H McLeod. Evolution of the Sikh Community, Delhi, OUP, 1975, p 88. 69 E Trumpp, Adi Granth, London, 1877, p xxix, reference from IB Banerji, op cit, Vol I, p 271, J C Archer, op cit, p 142 70 JSGrewal, Prem Samurag—A Theory of Sikh Social Order, Patiala, Punjabi University Press, p 107. 71 McLeod, Evolution..., op cit, p 91. 72 Guru Shabad Ratnakar Maha Kosh, p 735, reference from Jagjit Singh, op cit, p 47. 73 J S Grewal, Prem Samurag..., p 110. Obviously no attempt was made to decry or reduce the sharp economic nequalitses between the members of thePanth, redesignated as Khalsa. Considerations other than a *desire for democracy' were involved in the decision of Guru Gobind to replace the Guru with the Khalsa and the Granth One cannot ignore the fact that with the death of Gobind Singh's sons a struggle for succession would have severely weakened the Sikhs, already under attack by the Mrghal administration.