STATE CHARACTER AND ECONOMIC POLICY 19 20 R Ali, "Some Questions of Direction of Economic Development" Mainstream, December 2, 1972. 81 R K Hazari, Industrial Planning and Licensing Policy, Final Report, Planning Commission, Government of India, New Delhi 1967. 22 Utsa Patnaik, "Development of Capitalism in Agriculture," Social Scientist, August 1972. 2s A Bhaduri, ^A Study in Agricultural Backwardness under Semifeudalism", Economic Journal, March 1973. 34 Maurice Dobb, Soviet Economic Development since 1917, New York 1966. 25 The phrase 'landed interests' and 'propertied classes5 in agriculture has been used interchangeably to denote that subset of the agricultural landowning population which appropriates surplus value through one or another mode of exploitation. as For studies of the character of this land reform, see Bettleheim, India Independent, Monthly Review Press, New York 1968; D Thorner, The Agrarian Prospect in India, Delhi 1956; DasGupta, op. cit. For a survey of the literature, see P C Joshi, A Survey of Research on Land Reforms (mimeographed), Institute of Economic Growth, Delhi 1971. 37 Ishikawa, Economic Development in Asian Perspective, Tokyo, 1967. 2 8 Thamarajakshi, ^Intersectoral Terms of Trade and the Marketed Surplus of Agricultural Produce," Economic & Political Weekly, June 23, 1969. 29 A Mitra, "Towards an Indian Scissors Crisis-a Tentative Hypothesis" (mimeographed), seminar on Political Economy of Agriculture, Calcutta, 1973. 30 Y Alagh/'Case for an Agricultural Income Tax/"Economic and Political Weekly III, 7, February 7, 1968; PK Bardhan, "Agriculture Inadequately Taxed,55 Economic Weekly, XIII, 39, September 30, 1961; AM Khusro/"Taxation of Agricultural Land—a Proposal," Economic Weekly XV, 4—6, February 1963; A Mitra, "Tax Burden for Indian Agriculture,95 Administration and Economic Development in India Spengler (ed) Duke University Press, 1963; V Gandhi, Some Aspects of Indians Tax Structure, Vora, Bombay, 1970. » 1 K N Raj, op. cit. 82 K N Raj, "The Politics and Economics of'Intermediate Regimes' ", Economic and Political Weekly, July 7, 1973. 38 E M S Namboodiripad, "'On Intermediate Regimes,0 Economic and Political Weekly VIII. 48 December 1, 1973. 3 4 This question has not been pursued further since there is already a large volume of literature devoted to this issue—A K Bagchi, "'Aid Models and Inflows of Foreign Aid,"" Economic and Political Weekly, Annual Number, January, 1970; "Theory of Efficient Neo Colonialism," Economic and Political Weekly, Special Number, July 1971; Bettleheim, op. cit; NK Chandra,6'Western Imperialism and India Today—I&II," 1973 and February 17, 1973; M Kidron Foreign Investments in India, Oxford University Press, London, 1965; KM Kurien, Impact of Foreign Capital in India, People's Publishing House, New Delhi, 1966; K N Raj, "Profits on Foreign Capital in India,"5 Economic Weekly, February 12,1955.