'THE EVOLUTION OF THE PERCEPTION OF INDIA
Edward C. Sachau (tr.) Alberuni's India, London, 1910, 1, p. 198.
Alberuni's India, London, 1910, 1, pp. 294-98.
Ibid., I, pp. 22-24.
Isami, Futuhus-Salatin, ed. A.S. Usha, Madras, 1948, pp. 604-5. Isami was
writing at Daulatabad in the Deccan and thus understood the whole of India by
'Hindostan'.
Nuh Sipihr, ed. Mohammad Wahid Mirza, London, 1950, p. 150.
Nuh Sipihr, ed. Mohammad Wahid Mirza, London, 1950, pp. 151-61.
Ibid., pp. 162-66.
Ibid., pp. 166-67.
Ibid., pp. 167-68.
Ibid., pp. 169-170
Ibid., pp. 178-181.
Nijat al-Rashid, ed. Sayyid Muinu'l Haqq, Lahore, 1972, p. 437.
There is a faint earlier glimmer of it, though/in Isami, who says that Alaudclin
Khalji enriched, while Muhammad Tughluq ravaged 'Hindustan', (Futuh-us
Salatin, p. 605).
Abu'1 Fazl, A'in-i Akbari, Naval Kishore, Lucknow, 1892, III, p. 188. 'When we
arrived in India, our heart was attracted to the elephants'.
Bayazid Bayat, Tazkara-i Humayun wa Akbar, ed. M. Hidayat Hosain,
Calcutta, 1941, pp. 251-2.
Abu'1 Fazl, Akbarnama, ed. Ahmad Ali, Calcutta, 1873-87, PD. 270-71.
First version of Akbarnama, B.L. Add. 27,247, f. 294a.
Badauni, Muntakhab-ut Tawarikh, Calcutta, 1865-69, II, pp. 177-78.
Akbarnama, first version, B.L. Add. 27,247, ff. 295b-296a. A stronger
condemnation of the men's behaviour by Akbar is quoted by Abu'1 Fazl among the
'sayings of Akbar' towards the end of A-in-i Akbari, Naval Kishore, ed.,
Lucknow, 1892, III, p. 190.
Badauni, Muntakhab-ut Tawarikh, II, pp. 398-400.
A'in-i Akbari, III, 185.
Cf. Irfan Habib, 'Akbar and social Inequities: A Study of the Evolution of his
Ideas', Proceedings of the Indian History Congress, Warangal (1992-93) Session,
Delhi, 1993, pp. 300-310, who sees in Akbar, 'The early flickers of that critique
of traditional India, which would later turn into flames in the 19th century
Indian Renaissance'.
Akbar's sayings in A'in-i Akbari, Naval Kishore, III, p 179.
A'in-i Akbari, Naval Kishore, III, p. 4.
Ibid., II, 192, see the citation of this passage in V.A. Smith, Oxford History of
India, p. 755 in discussion of the scientific frontier.
A'in-i Akbari, III, p. 4.
A'in-i Akbari, III, p. 5.
Ibid.
A'in-i Akbari, III, translated H.S. Jarrett, ed. Jadunath Sarkar Calcutta, 1948, p. 1. It is also not clear where Jarrett gets his majority from. With similar inaccuracy, though less unjustly, Jarrett and Sarkar render 'Hindi* (Indian) language as Sanskrit.
A'in-i Akbari, Naval Kishore, frl, p. 477. In respect of astronomy and .geography, Abu'1 Fazl does indeed make extensive references to Greek views and findings.
A'in-i Akbari, Naval Kishore, III, p. 2. A'in-i Akbari, III, tr. Jarrett, ed. Sarkar, p. IV. A'in-i Akbari, Naval Kishore, III, p. 2. Ibid., p. 30. Ibid., p. 22.
