128 SOCIAL SCIENTIST Secondly, Marx reaches, in a definite sense, the conception of dialectical materialism. Central to it is the notion of class struggle as the motor of history and of the classes as being at the root of contradiction within a mode of production. It is this which the Manifesto in fact proclaims as its theoretical basis. The only difference in capitalism being that it has simplified the class antagonism due to the fact of clearer splitting up of society into two great confronting classes. It is in this sense that the Manifesto is the first work produced by Marx and Engels which contains much of what gives a distinct theoretical flavour to Marxism. Most of these features were separately arrived at during the period when they produced a number of critiques of Hegelian philosophy and political economy of capitalism. As early as 1843-44, in his A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right. Marx had reached the conclusion that only the proletariat can be the universal class; a class which can "redeem" itself only by the "total redemption of humanity ." The demand for the ''negation of private property" is no more or less than the elevation "to a principle for society what society has already made a principle for the proletariat..." (emphasis in original). In On the Jewish Question written a little earlier, Marx is already talking of material conditions as generative causes of social transformations. By the time of Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts (1844) we also have a worked out materialist ontology and a clear conception of dialectics as distinct from its Hegelian pedigree. The most important shift that comes with the Paris Manuscripts is that the critique for the first time concerns itself with concrete economic issues such as wages of labour or profit of capital or rent of land and so on in the first manuscript and the takes up the relationship of private property in the second and finally issues like private property and labour or private property and communism or division of labour or money. It is only in the last section that we encounter Hegel but this time directly on the question of dialectics. The important thing to note is that in these Paris Manuscripts Marx has completely worked out his materialist world outlook including a conception of reality which is internally interconnected and in a process of becoming which is a result of human labour working on nature which is the prior ground for the labour. The materialist ontology is there for us to clearly see as well as the notion of alienated labour and the need for abolition of this property which "artificially produces poverty", and finally the constant reproduction of man through his own labour and therefore the bearings of this for teleology; teleology is no longer immanence