I.A. Position and Area

• The world centered on Delhi, azimuthal equal area projection p. 1
• The world centered on Delhi, azimuthal equidistant projection p. 2

I.B. Physiography

• Physiography; Lithology p. 3
• Terrain of South Asia p. 4

I.C. Climate and Vegetation

• Climate p. 5
• Forested areas and natural vegetation types p. 6

• The Stone Age p. 7
• Neolithic and Chalcolithic Cultures p. 8
• Cultures of northwest India and Southwest Asia, 3200-900 B.C. p. 9
• The material culture of the Harappan Civilization p. 10
• Artifacts of the Harappan Civilization p. 11
• Post-Harappan and Iron Age pottery sites p. 12

III.A. India of the Vedas and the Epics

• India of the Vedas and the Epics p. 13
• India as revealed in the Mahabharata p. 14

III.B. The Pre-Mauryan and Mauryan Periods

• The Pre-Mauryan Age p. 15
• Republics of northeast India in the 6th-5th century B.C. according to Buddhist sources p. 16
• Campaigns and empire of Alexander the Great, 333-326 B.C. p. 17
• The time of the Mauryan Empire, 321-181 B.C. p. 18
• Religious movements and culture of the pre-Mauryan and Mauryan periods, 6th-3rd century B.C. p. 19

III.C. Political Division in the Post-Mauryan Period

• Probable migration routes of Central Asian peoples to northwestern South Asia p. 20
• The Satavahana-Saka-Kusana age, c. A.D. 1-300 p. 21
• Religious and cultural sites of the post-Mauryan period, c. 200 B.C.-A.D. 300 p. 22
• Monuments of South Asia, c. 150 B.C.-A.D. 300 p. 23
• South Asia in the expanding Western view of the world, 1st-3d century A.D. p. 24

III.D. The Imperial Guptas and the Classical Age

• The Gupta-Vakataka Age, c. A.D. 300-500 p. 25
• The age of Pusyabhuti and Calukyan ascendancy, c. A.D. 550-700 p. 26
• Puranic India (Bharata) p. 27
• Cultural sites of the Classical Age, c. A.D. 300-700 p. 28
• Monuments of South Asia, 4th-7th centuries A.D. p. 29
• Southeast Asia to c. A.D. 650 p. 30

• The age of the Gurjara-Pratiharas, Palas, and Rastrakutas, c. A.D. 700-975 p. 31
• The age of the Ghaznavids, Cahmanas, Later Calukyas, and Colas, c. 975-1200 p. 32
• Islamic expansion and changing Western views of South Asia, 7th-12th centuries p. 33
• Religious and cultural sites, 8th-12th centuries p. 34
• Monuments of South Asia, 8th-13th centuries p. 35
• Southeast Asia, c. A.D. 650-1250 p. 36

• Northern India and adjacent areas in the time of the Ghurids and Mamluks, c. 1170-1290 p. 37
• South Asia in the time of the Khaljis and Tughluqs, c. 1290-1390 p. 38
• Political disintegration in Northern South Asia, c. 1390-1450 p. 39
• South Asia in the time of the Lodis, 1451-1526 p. 40
• Religious and cultural sites, c. 1200-1525 p. 41
• Monuments of South Asia, c. 1200-1550 p. 42
• Southeast Asia, c. 1250-1550 p. 43

VI.A. Mughal Expansion and Consolidation

• Northern South Asia in the period of Babur, Humayun, and Sher Shah, 1526-1555 p. 44
• The Mughal Empire, c. 1605 p. 45
• The reigns of Jahangir, Shah Jahan, and Aurangzib, 1605-1707 p. 46
• Religious and cultural sites of the Mughal Period, 1526-1707 p. 47
• Monuments of South Asia, c. 1550-1770 p. 48

VI.B. European Trade and Expansion on the Periphery of South Asia

• Discovery, expoloration, trade and colonization, 1486-1700 p. 49
• European-South Asian commercial contacts, 16th-18th Centuries p. 50
• European mapping of South Asia in the 16th, 17th and early 18th Centuries p. 51
• Facsimile of excerpt from the "General Description of East India" p. 52
• Early European establishments on the coast of India p. 53

VII.A. Territorial Changes

• Mughal disintegration and the rise of regional powers, 1707-1766 p. 54
• The expansion of British power, 1766-1819 p. 55
• The expansion of British power, 1819-1857 p. 56
• British mapping of India, 1788, 1824, and 1856 p. 57
• British mapping of India, 1788, 1824, and 1856 p. 58
• Systemization of British geographic knowledge of India p. 59

VII.B. India at the Time of the 1857 Revolt

• Administrative divisions, 1857, with community of rulers of native states p. 60
• India and Ceylon, economy, 1857 p. 61
• The Revolt of 1857-1859 p. 62

VIII.A. Rounding Out the Empire

• Events related to the fixing of modern South Asian frontiers p. 63
• The march of imperialism in Asia, 1800-1947 p. 64

VIII.B. Internal Territorial Reorganization and Constitutional Development

• Territorial and administrative changes, 1857-1904 p. 65
• The Bengal partition and related territorial and administrative changes, 1905 p. 66
• Constitutional development: Evolution of the central legislature p. 67
• Constitutional development: Evolution of provincial legislatures p. 68

VIII.C. The Indian Renaissance and the Freedom Movement

• Modern religious revival and reform movements p. 69
• Political events of the nationalist period, 1879-1947 p. 70
• The Indian National Congress: Presidents and annual sessions, 1885-1971 p. 71
• All-India Muslim League: presidents and sessions, 1906-1943 p. 72
• Major elections, 1920-1945 p. 73
• South Asia in world affairs in the pre-independence period p. 74
• Monuments of the Imperial Period p. 75

VIII.D. The Indian Empire in 1947

• The Indian Empire, administrative divisions, 1947, with community of rulers of Indian states and areas of majority of principal communities p. 76

IX.A. Internal Territorial and Administrative Changes

• Terrritorial changes, 1947-1955 p. 77
• Territorial changes, 1955-1975 p. 78
• Administrative divisions, 1975, with changes since 1961 p. 79

IX.B. Elections, 1947-1973

• Indian general elections, 1952 p. 80
• Indian general elections, 1957 p. 81
• Indian general elections, 1962 p. 82
• Indian general elections, 1967 p. 83
• Indian general elections, 1971 p. 84
• Elections in Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Ceylon p. 85

IX.C. International Boundaries and Territorial Disputes

• The status, age, and nature of South Asian boundaries p. 86
• Territorial and related issues in northwestern South Asia, 1947-1971 p. 87
• Territorial and related issues in northern and northeastern South Asia, 1947-1971 p. 88

IX.D. Political Movements and Related Events

• Communal, sectarian, linguistic, and other social disturbances, 1947-1971 p. 89

IX.E. South Asia in the Contemporary World

• South Asia in world affairs, 1947-1971 p. 90

X.A. Communities

• Religious composition, 1931 p. 91
• Religious composition, 1961 p. 92
• Distribution of Hindus, by minor and major administrative divisions, 1931 and 1961 p. 93
• Distribution of Muslims, by minor and major administrative divisions, 1931 and 1961 p. 94
• Distribution of Sikhs, 1901, 1931, 1961 p. 95
• Distribution of Christians, 1901 and 1931 p. 96
• Tribal populaiton and adherents to tribal religions, 1931 and 1961 p. 97
• "Scheduled" communities, 1931 and 1961 p. 98
• Holy places of South Asia p. 99

X.B. Language, Literacy, Education, and Publishing

• Language families and branches, languages and dialects p. 100
• Currency of predominant languages and important minority languages p. 101
• Currency of selected languages and scripts p. 102
• Growth of literacy, 1872-1961 p. 103
• Growth of higher education, 1872-1971 p. 104
• The growth of newspapers and the cinema industry p. 105

X.C. Castes, Tribes, and Comparable Ethnic Groups

• Most numerous caste, tribe, or other ethnic group p. 106
• Selected high status castes or other ethnic groups, 1931 p. 107
• Castes, tribes, and other ethnic groups, 1931, arranged by functional categories p. 108

X.D. A Cultural Synthesis

• Cultural realms, regions, and areas, c. 1961 p. 109

XI.A. Demographic Evolution

• Population density: Densities by minor and major administrative divisions, 1872 and 1901 p. 110
• Population density: Densities by minor and major administrative divisions, 1931 and 1961 p. 111
• Population growth, 1901-1961 p. 112
• Distribution of cities of over 50,000 population, 1872 and 1901 p. 113
• Distribution of cities of over 50,000 population, 1931 p. 114
• Pattern of migration in the pre-independence period p. 115
• Pattern of migration in the post-independence period p. 116
• South Asia at the censuses of 1971-1974 p. 117

XI.B. Pattern of Agriculture and Land Tenure

• Male agriculturalist as a percentage of total male earners, 1931 and 1961 p. 118
• Major crops, 1961, as a proportion of total cropped area p. 119
• Intensity of agriculture p. 120
• Land tenure p. 121

XI.C. Growth of Manufacturing

• Factory employment, by minor administrative divisions, 1931 p. 122
• Factory employment in selected industries, 1931 p. 123
• Factory employment in selected industries, 1961 p. 124

XI.D. Development of Economic Infrastructure and Foreign Trade and Aid

• Growth of road network p. 125
• Growth of railway network p. 126
• Growth of irrigation canal network p. 127
• International routes served by South Asian airways, 1970 p. 128
• South Asian foreign trade, 1931 and 1961 p. 129

XI.E. Economic Overview, 1961

• South Asia, economy, 1961 p. 130

XII.A. Rural Settlement and House Types

• Rural settlement patterns of South Asia p. 131
• Rural settlement patterns of South Asia p. 132
• Rural house types of Asia p. 133

XII.B. Urban Settlement and Urban History

• The growth and development of Calcutta, 1690-1971 p. 134
• Growth and development of Lahore, 1850-1971 p. 135
• Aspects of urbanism p. 136

XIII.A-B. Toponymic Reference Maps

• Regions of South Asia through the 12th century p. 137
• Sectional Map 1: Northwest p. 138
• Sectional Map 2: Northeast p. 139
• Sectional Map 3: South p. 140

XIII.C. Index Maps for Reference Materials

• Coverage of gazetteers, 1815-1947, by period (with bibliography) p. 141
• Coverage of large- and medium-scale topographic maps of the Surveys of India, Pakistan and Ceylon p. 142
• Ethnographic studies of South Asia, by type (with bibliography) p. 143
• Fiction in English on life in South Asia, by authorship and original language (with bibliography) p. 144

• Major powers to the 6th century A.D. p. 145
• Major powers, 6th-12th centuries p. 146
• Major powers, 10th-15th centuries p. 147
• Major powers, 14th-18th centuries p. 148
• Major powers, 16th-20th centuries p. 149